Treatment Modalities

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant

Stem cell transplant using cells from a matched donor. Curative option for many leukemias, MDS, and aplastic anemia.

Antibody Drug Conjugates

Antibodies linked to cytotoxic payloads, delivering targeted chemotherapy. Examples include trastuzumab deruxtecan, enfortumab vedotin, and sacituzumab govitecan.

Autologous Stem Cell Transplant

Stem cell transplant using the patient's own previously collected cells. Standard of care for multiple myeloma and select lymphomas.

Bispecific Antibodies

Antibodies engineered to bind two targets simultaneously, often a tumor antigen and CD3 to engage T cells. Examples: blinatumomab, teclistamab, talquetamab.

Bone Marrow Transplant

Brachytherapy

Internal radiation therapy where radioactive sources are placed directly within or adjacent to the tumor. Used for cervical, prostate, and gynecologic cancers.

Carbon Ion Therapy

Heavy ion radiation therapy with high biological effectiveness against radioresistant tumors. Available at limited centers globally.

CAR-NK Therapy

Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy. Allogeneic 'off-the-shelf' alternative to CAR-T being investigated in multiple cancers.

Checkpoint Inhibitors

Antibodies that block immune checkpoints (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4) to unleash anti-tumor immunity. Transformed treatment of melanoma, lung cancer, and many others.

Chemotherapy

Use of cytotoxic drugs to destroy cancer cells. Despite advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, chemotherapy remains foundational for many cancer types.

Cord Blood Transplant

CRISPR Therapy

Gene editing therapy using CRISPR-Cas9. Casgevy (exa-cel) is the first approved CRISPR therapy, for sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia.

Cryoablation

CyberKnife

Robotic radiosurgery platform delivering precise radiation to tumors throughout the body.

Cytoreductive Surgery

Surgical removal of as much tumor as possible, often combined with HIPEC for peritoneal cancers.

Dendritic Cell Therapy

Electroporation

External Beam Radiation

Gamma Knife

Specialized SRS platform using cobalt-60 sources for precise brain radiosurgery.

Gendicine

First approved gene therapy for cancer (China NMPA). Recombinant adenovirus delivering wild-type p53 gene for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Gene Therapy

Treatment that modifies genes to treat disease. In oncology and hematology, includes Casgevy, Lyfgenia, Zynteglo, and Gendicine.

Haploidentical Transplant

Allogeneic transplant using a half-matched family member donor. Expands transplant access for patients without fully matched donors.

HIFU

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound. Non-invasive ablation using ultrasound energy. Used for prostate, liver, and bone tumors.

HIPEC

Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy. Heated chemotherapy delivered directly to the abdominal cavity after cytoreductive surgery.