Cancer Types

Gastric Cancer

Stomach cancer. Treatment based on stage, HER2 status, MSI status, and PD-L1/Claudin 18.2 expression. Key target for emerging CAR-T and bispecific therapies.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Mesenchymal tumor of the GI tract, typically driven by KIT or PDGFRA mutations. Revolutionized by imatinib and successor TKIs.

Glioblastoma

The most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Standard treatment includes surgery, radiation, and temozolomide; emerging therapies include TTFields and CAR-T trials.

Glioma

Tumor arising from glial cells. Graded I-IV by aggressiveness; IDH mutation status is prognostic and increasingly therapeutic.

Hairy Cell Leukemia

Head and Neck Cancer

Cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands, and related structures. HPV status increasingly defines treatment for oropharyngeal cancers.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The most common type of primary liver cancer (~75-85%). Often arises in the setting of chronic liver disease.

HER2 Positive Breast Cancer

Breast cancer that overexpresses the HER2 protein. Treated with HER2-targeted agents like trastuzumab, pertuzumab, T-DM1, and trastuzumab deruxtecan.

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphoma defined by presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Highly curable with chemotherapy, radiation, and increasingly with brentuximab vedotin and checkpoint inhibitors.

Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer

Breast cancer that grows in response to estrogen and/or progesterone. Treated with hormone (endocrine) therapy and increasingly with CDK4/6 inhibitors.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Rare and aggressive breast cancer that causes redness and swelling of the breast. Requires multimodal treatment including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation.

Kidney Cancer

Laryngeal Cancer

Leukemia

Cancer of blood-forming tissues. Subdivided into acute vs chronic and myeloid vs lymphoid lineages.

Liver Cancer

Primary liver cancer, most commonly hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment options include surgery, liver transplant, ablation, TACE, TARE/Y-90, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

Lung Cancer

Cancer that begins in the lungs, the organs that take in oxygen. The two main types are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Lymphoma

Cancer of the lymphatic system. Two main types: Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Medulloblastoma

Most common malignant brain tumor in children. Highly treatable with multimodal therapy.

Melanoma

Aggressive skin cancer arising from melanocytes. Revolutionized by checkpoint immunotherapy (anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4) and BRAF/MEK targeted therapy.

Meningioma

Tumor of the meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord). Most are benign but can require surgery or radiation.

Mesothelioma

Rare cancer that develops in the mesothelium, most commonly the pleura (lung lining), associated with asbestos exposure.

Multiple Myeloma

Cancer of plasma cells. Treatment landscape transformed by proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, BCMA-targeted CAR-T, and bispecific antibodies.