NK Cell immunotherapy in India
NK Cell immunotherapy in India is offered by some cell therapy companies and hospitals now. NK Cell immunotherapy for treatment of recurring and complex cancer is gaining popularity by day. More and more patients are now a days going for immunotherapy treatment. NK Cell therapy is found out to be very effective in late stage treatment of cancer. So patients who are into last stage of cancer can try this therapy. NK Cell therapy in is now available in India. Do know details of treatment and cost do call us at +91 96 1588 1588 or write to cancerfax@gmail.com.
Immune cells
After thousands of years of evolution, the human body has formed a sophisticated defense system, established a powerful immune legion, reserves a large number of elite soldiers, and always protects us from the attack of cancer. The bone marrow is the base of the Immune Corps. Here, hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into various immune fighters with different functions. They have their own army territory and job responsibilities. At present, the three armies of the immune system and their subordinates are as follows:
1. Core Corps: Lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes, thymus-dependent lymphocytes, are major lymphocytes in blood and recirculation
B-lymphocytes: Cells that develop in the bursa or its equivalent organ (bone marrow). They can differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies when stimulated by antigen.
NK cells, LAK cells do not require antigen-sensitizing killing effect.
2. Auxiliary Legion: Antigen Presenting Cell
Monocyte-macrophage phagocytosis and killing effect, present TD antigen, initiate immune response, anti-tumor effect, secrete biologically active mediator
DC cells are a group of heterogeneous cells with the strongest antigen presenting function, and are the only full-time antigen presenting cells that can activate the original T cells.
3.Other immune cell legions
Neutrophils, eosinophils / basophils and mast cells, platelets, red blood cells.
What are NK cells ?
Whistler-NK cells in the immune system
The immune battle in our body is exactly the same as the anti-enemy war demonstrated in the movie. It requires the three armies to clearly divide their labors, formulate a rigorous battle plan, and work together to annihilate the enemy.
In the battle against cancer cells, NK cells are the most awesome “whistleblower”.
It not only bears the brunt, it is the first to reach the tumor microenvironment to directly kill cancer cells, and it also sounds the horn of war, secretes secret weapon chemokines, and recruits dendritic cells (CD103 + DC), which is equivalent to telling other immune legions in the body Come and cooperate. The activated dendritic cells then carry tumor antigens to the lymph nodes, presenting the characteristics of the cancer cells to the killer T cells. T cells rushed to the battlefield to kill cancer cells with NK cells.
What is NK Cell therapy?
The full name of NK cells is Natural Killer cells (NK), and it is a third group of lymphocytes that are tied with T and B cells in the core cell army. NK cells exist in human blood and are “first responders”. It is like a patrol officer who has been on duty in the body. As the blood runs around, during patrols, NK cells continue to contact other cells. Once abnormalities are found in the body Immediately dispose of the cells. They attacked and released cytotoxic particles containing perforin and granzyme on the target cell membrane before the T cells were deployed, triggering cancer cells to self-destruct. They also eliminate circulating cancer stem cells and help prevent metastasis.
First, it is the human body’s innate immune system. It is definitely a warrior walking ahead. Almost all tumor cells will be attacked by NK cells preferentially.
Second, the “whistleblower” in the immune system has timely feedback on the situation. Once the “enemy situation” is found, it quickly “reports” and starts the immune defense and immune killing functions of the entire immune system.
Third, it has a broad-spectrum antitumor effect, does not require tumor-specific recognition, and is not limited by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) inhibitory activity on the cell surface. Start-up time is the fastest, and T cells need to undergo antigen presentation before they can distinguish “enemy and foe”.
Therefore, the cancer-killing effect is powerful.
Three major cancer-killing mechanisms of NK cells
NK cells play a key role in the first line of defense against cancer. NK cells have three anticancer effects:
First, direct killing of tumor cells. Kill tumor cells by post-perforin and granzymes or by death receptors;
Second, through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines to play the role of the regulatory cell of the immune system, activating T cells and other killing effects;
Third, ADCC effect (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic effect) is formed. When the B cell finds the cancer cell, it will quietly leave the specific IgG antibody on the cancer cell as a marker to remind the NK cells. When they see this labeled NK cell, they see one kill one. With the help of macrophages and B cells, the morale of killing cancer has increased greatly.
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NK cell-based immunotherapy
Although they can quickly defend and directly attack tumor cells, the number of NK cells in the human body is small, accounting for only 10% of white blood cells. And the study found that after 25 years of age, humans have reduced immunity and reduced the number of NK cells. The number and activity of NK cells in tumor patients and post-tumor patients have changed to some extent, and they cannot play an effective role in fighting cancer effect.
Researchers are now developing multiple methods to release NK cell activity against tumors, thereby increasing the efficacy and specificity of NK cell-based therapies. At present, there are three main types of NK cell strategies for tumor immunotherapy in the world.
01.In vitro activated autologous or allogeneic NK cell therapy
At present, domestic and international focus on “adoptive” NK cell therapy is to collect NK cells from closely related donors and inject them into patients. This has proven to be safe, and unlike T-cell therapy, NK cells do not cause graft-versus-host disease in recipient tissues.
02.Combining NK cells and monoclonal antibodies (such as immune checkpoint inhibitors) to induce antibody-specific cytotoxicity
Combining checkpoint therapy with other NK-directed immunotherapy can target multiple types of tumors that currently do not respond to existing therapies.
Although the killing mechanism of NK cells against tumors is non-specific and does not depend on the recognition of tumor-associated antigens, there are also activation or suppression mechanisms of immune checkpoints. Ligands that can be expressed by tumor cells against NK cell immune checkpoints can inhibit NK cell-mediated tumor cell lysis. Therefore, to limit this inhibition, a series of inhibitory immune checkpoints against tumor-NK cells are currently being developed Antibodies.
Such as cetuximab against EGFR, cetuximab can activate the ADCC effect of NK cells and start the adaptive immune response of NK cells.
In addition, studies have found that PD-1 in NK cells is highly expressed in several cancers, including head and neck cancer, thyroid cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), digestive tract cancer (esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and biliary cancer ), Breast cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma. Recent studies have shown that when PD-L1-negative tumors respond to anti-PD-L1 treatment, this effect may be mediated by PD-L1 + NK cells. PD-L1 + NK cells treated with anti-PD-L1 showed enhanced activation and effector function.
03.Construct CAR-NK cell immunotherapy
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK cells: can significantly improv
e the specificity of NK cell efficacy. This idea is similar to the construction of CAR-T: CAR includes an extracellular recognition domain (such as scFv) to recognize tumor-specific antigens; a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain (CD3ζ chain) can induce NK cells.
Which patients are best for NK Cell therapy?
At present, domestic and international NK cell immunotherapy has been extensively studied. Domestic and Japanese NK cells are mainly targeted at solid tumors, while American NK therapy is mainly targeted at blood tumors.
Cellular immunotherapy can theoretically correspond to any stage of cancer, such as:
1. Patients who hope to use cellular immunotherapy to improve immunity, remove residual cancer cells, prevent recurrence, and prolong survival after surgical removal of lesions.
2. After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, patients with low immunity and obvious side effects (such as loss of appetite, nausea, hair loss, skin inflammation, etc.) are expected to increase the effect of chemoradiotherapy.
3. Patients who are afraid of the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and hope to use various treatment methods to achieve the treatment effect.
4. Patients with advanced cancer cells have spread throughout the body, but patients with conventional treatment methods have been unable to do so, expecting to prolong survival and improve quality of life.
Important points: Cellular immunotherapy has no obvious effect on shrinking tumors in patients with advanced cancer. The effect for patients with advanced cancer is to maintain the quality of life and prolong life. The most suitable for cell immunotherapy is just after surgery. As an adjuvant therapy after surgery, to suppress recurrence and maintain early treatment of patients with early-to-middle-stage cancer; combined with chemotherapy, targeted drugs, PD1 inhibitors and other treatments, the effect will be better.
Cellular immunotherapy is not suitable for all cancer patients. Like sarcoma suffered by Wei Zexi, it is a rare tumor with a high degree of malignancy. There is currently no good treatment in the world. Therefore, cellular immunotherapy is naturally not suitable. . Therefore, please ensure that you, your family members, and your friends are far away from the false information on the Internet. Before you choose to receive treatment, you must be evaluated by experts in a regular and authoritative cancer hospital. In addition, the cost of cellular immunotherapy is relatively high, not every Families can accept it. Everyone must choose carefully according to the family’s economic conditions.
Even if you cannot accept these advanced treatments, everyone should not have negative emotions. I feel that these new technologies are prepared for the rich, and the poor have to wait for death when they get cancer. This mentality is definitely not good. We all know that a good attitude is the most effective weapon to defeat cancer. Many patients have relieved all kinds of work and life pressures after suffering from cancer, relieved their hatred of some people around them, learned to forgive, learned to be grateful, and completely changed their lifestyle. Eating healthy food, regular exercise, regular work and rest, and adjusting your mentality can also achieve a longer life span, which is very important.
Which are the hospitals offering NK Cell therapy in India?
NK Cell therapy is a cell technology and this offered by cell therapy companies. At present there is only one approved company that is offering NK Cell therapy in India. For details on patient eligibility of NK Cell therapy please call at +91 96 1588 1588 or send patients medical reports to cancerfax@gmail.com.
Best doctor for NK Cell therapy in India
As mentioned earlier NK cell therapy in India is offered by cell therapy companies and they have their own team of doctors who monitors patient well being during therapy.
What is the cost of NK Cell therapy in India?
Cost of NK cell therapy in India depends upon the type and extent of cancer in the patient. However for the reference Cost of NK Cell therapy in India may vary between $ 9000-12000 USD.
What is the procedure for NK Cell therapy in India?
Procedure and number of infusions depends upon person to person and extent & type of cancer. Please send medical reports to the below email and WhatsApp number and we shall come back with personalized treatment plan.
To know about NK Cell therapy call +91 96 1588 1588 or send patient’s medical reports to cancerfax@gmail.com.